HISTORY
The history of cotton can be traced back to domestication, possibly as far back as 4500 BCE. Around 3000 BCE, cotton was being grown and processed in Mexico and Arizona. Cotton played an important role in the history of the British Empire, the United States, and India, and continues to be an important crop and commodity.
After the Anglo-French war, United States become Important and temporarily market for the British cotton goods. Innovation in the cropping, spinning, weaving and processing area helps United States to become biggest exporter of cotton in the 1790 to 1850 century. United State cotton started to fulfill the European cotton Demand. In 1860, British started to block the United States cotton and find another source of cotton for the European market as well as to world till the 1950.
In 1912, the British cotton industry was at its peak, producing eight billion yards of cloth. In World War I, cotton couldn’t be exported to foreign markets, and some countries built their own factories, particularly Japan. By 1933 Japan introduced 24-hour cotton production and became the world’s largest cotton manufacturer. Demand for British cotton slumped, and during the interwar period 345,000 workers left the industry and 800 mills closed.
India’s boycott of British cotton products devastated Lancashire and Blackburn, and 74 mills closed in under four years.
If we compare last 100 years trend of cotton, its shifted from first world i.e. Europe to second world i.e. United State and the present trend is at third world where south Asian subcontinent country i.e. India, China, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam are playing important role at a same time Brazil from the south America and turkey from European region are playing very crucial role in third world of textile.
FACTS
Water :
– One Garment ( T-shirt) consume approximate 2700 liter of water
– World approximate water consumption is 15 Billion m3 in 2014
Energy :
– Almost 90% of conventional coal source used for energy generation
– Approximate 220 Million tons of coal used in textile industry
Chemicals :
– More than 2000 types of chemicals used in textile processing
– One Garment ( T-shirt) required almost 1/3 part of chemicals
Pollutions :
– Textile Industry generates 13.5 billion m3 of effluent in year 2014
– More than 80 toxic chemicals used in textile processing and discharge to environment
– Approximate 74.8 million tons of CO2 emits in atmosphere in 2014 from textile industry